Waldorf Education in North America: A Comprehensive Overview

If you are interested in alternative educational approaches, you may have come across Waldorf Education. Developed by Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner in the early 20th century, Waldorf Education is a unique approach that emphasizes the development of the whole child – head, heart, and hands. Today, there are over 250 Waldorf schools in North America, and the approach is gaining popularity for its holistic approach to education.

Waldorf Education is based on a philosophy that views the child as a spiritual being with unique gifts and talents. The approach emphasizes experiential learning, creativity, and imagination, and integrates the arts into all aspects of the curriculum. Waldorf schools also prioritize the development of social skills, emotional intelligence, and self-awareness, and seek to create a supportive and nurturing community for students, teachers, and families.

Key Takeaways:

• Waldorf Education is an alternative educational approach that emphasizes the development of the whole child.
• Waldorf schools prioritize experiential learning, creativity, and imagination, and integrate the arts into all aspects of the curriculum.
• Waldorf Education also emphasizes the development of social skills, emotional intelligence, and self-awareness, and seeks to create a supportive and nurturing community for students, teachers, and families.

Historical Background

Waldorf Education is a unique approach to education that was founded by Rudolf Steiner in Stuttgart, Germany in 1919. Steiner was a philosopher and educator who believed that education should be centered around the needs of the child, rather than a standardized curriculum. He believed that each child is unique and should be taught in a way that honors their individuality.

The first Waldorf school was opened in Stuttgart in 1919, and the approach quickly spread throughout Europe. In 1928, the first Waldorf school was opened in North America, the Rudolf Steiner School in New York City. Today, there are over 200 Waldorf schools in North America, and over 1,000 Waldorf schools worldwide.

The Waldorf approach to education is based on a deep understanding of child development. The curriculum is designed to meet the needs of the child at each stage of development, from early childhood through adolescence. The approach emphasizes the development of the whole child, including their intellectual, emotional, and physical development.

One of the unique features of Waldorf Education is the use of the arts in the curriculum. The arts are seen as a way to engage the child’s imagination and foster creativity. The curriculum includes music, drama, painting, and movement.

Another unique feature of Waldorf Education is the use of storytelling. Stories are used to teach a wide range of subjects, from history to science to math. The stories are carefully chosen to engage the child’s imagination and to help them understand complex concepts.

Overall, Waldorf Education has a long and rich history, and it continues to be a popular approach to education around the world. If you’re interested in learning more about Waldorf Education, there are many resources available online and in your local community.

Philosophy and Principles

Waldorf Education is based on the philosophy that human development is a holistic process that requires a balanced approach to education. The Waldorf approach is unique in that it emphasizes the development of the whole person – intellectual, emotional, ethical, and physical – rather than just the acquisition of knowledge and skills.

At the core of the Waldorf approach is the belief that children learn best when they are engaged in creative, hands-on activities that are developmentally appropriate. Waldorf pedagogy recognizes that children have different needs at different stages of development and seeks to provide a curriculum that is tailored to meet those needs.

Waldorf Education is grounded in the arts, including music, dance, theater, and visual arts. These subjects are not simply taught as separate disciplines, but are integrated into the curriculum as a whole. The arts are seen as essential to the development of the whole person, fostering creativity, imagination, and a sense of wonder.

One of the key principles of Waldorf Education is that children learn best when they are actively engaged in the learning process. This means that Waldorf teachers strive to create a learning environment that is interactive and engaging, where students are encouraged to ask questions, take intellectual risks, and develop independent judgment.

Another important principle of Waldorf Education is the development of empathy and a sense of social responsibility. Waldorf schools seek to create a sense of community among students, fostering a sense of belonging and a commitment to the common good.

Waldorf Education is also grounded in a deep respect for the natural world. Waldorf schools seek to foster a sense of connection to the environment, encouraging students to explore and appreciate the natural world through sense experiences and artistic expression.

In summary, the Waldorf approach to education is based on the belief that children learn best when they are engaged in creative, developmentally appropriate activities that foster intellectual, emotional, ethical, and physical growth. The Waldorf curriculum is designed to integrate the arts into all aspects of learning, fostering creativity, imagination, and a sense of wonder. Waldorf pedagogy emphasizes the development of empathy, social responsibility, and a connection to the natural world, while encouraging students to take intellectual risks and develop independent judgment.

Waldorf Curriculum

If you are interested in Waldorf Education, you may be wondering about the Waldorf Curriculum. The Waldorf Curriculum is designed to be experiential, intellectual, and artistic. It is tailored to meet the needs of the child at each stage of development, from preschool to high school.

Waldorf Kindergartens focus on play-based learning and nurturing the child’s imagination. Children engage in activities that help develop their social skills, creativity, and sense of wonder. They also learn practical skills such as cooking, gardening, and woodworking.

As children move into the elementary grades, the Waldorf Curriculum emphasizes the arts, music, and movement. Academic subjects are taught through an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates storytelling, drama, and visual arts. Students learn how to think critically and creatively, and how to work collaboratively with others.

In the middle school years, the Waldorf Curriculum introduces more classical academics, such as history, science, and math. These subjects are taught in a way that engages the student’s imagination and encourages them to think deeply about the world around them.

In high school, the Waldorf Curriculum prepares students for college and beyond, while still emphasizing the arts and experiential learning. Students are encouraged to pursue their interests and passions, and to develop their own unique talents and abilities.

One of the key differences between Waldorf Education and other educational approaches is the emphasis on the whole child. The Waldorf Curriculum is designed to meet the needs of the child at each stage of development, and to help them become well-rounded individuals who are prepared for life in the 21st century.

If you are considering Waldorf Education for your child, it’s important to research different schools and find one that aligns with your values and goals. Each Waldorf School is unique, and may have its own approach to the Waldorf Curriculum. However, all Waldorf Schools share a commitment to nurturing the child’s imagination, creativity, and sense of wonder, and to providing a well-rounded education that prepares them for life in the modern world.

Teaching Methods

In Waldorf Education, the teaching methods are designed to nurture the whole child. The Waldorf approach emphasizes experiential learning, creativity, and imagination. Teachers use a variety of techniques to engage students, including storytelling, puppetry, music, and movement.

One of the key features of Waldorf teaching methods is the use of observation. Teachers observe their students closely to understand their individual needs and learning styles. This allows them to tailor their teaching to the needs of each student, rather than using a one-size-fits-all approach.

Another important aspect of Waldorf teaching methods is the use of rhythm. Teachers create a daily, weekly, and yearly rhythm that helps students feel secure and comfortable in the classroom. This rhythm includes a balance of academic work, artistic activities, and movement.

Waldorf teachers also use a variety of assessment methods to evaluate student progress. Rather than relying solely on standardized tests, teachers assess students through observation, discussion, and artistic projects. This allows them to get a more complete picture of each student’s strengths and weaknesses.

Overall, the Waldorf approach to teaching emphasizes creativity, imagination, and individualized instruction. By using observation, rhythm, and a variety of assessment methods, Waldorf teachers are able to create a learning environment that supports the whole child.

Waldorf Schools in North America

Waldorf Education is a unique approach to education that has been gaining popularity in North America in recent years. There are currently over 250 Waldorf schools in North America, with the majority of them located in the United States. The Association of Waldorf Schools of North America (AWSNA) is the main organization that oversees Waldorf schools in North America.

Waldorf schools in North America follow the Waldorf approach to education, which is based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner. The Waldorf approach emphasizes a holistic approach to education, with an emphasis on the arts, music, and movement. Waldorf schools also place a strong emphasis on the development of the whole child, including their emotional, social, and intellectual development.

One of the unique aspects of Waldorf schools in North America is that they are often independent schools, meaning they are not part of the public school system. However, there are some Waldorf-inspired public schools and charter schools that have been established in recent years.

Waldorf schools in North America often have a unique curriculum that is designed to meet the needs of the whole child. For example, in the early grades, Waldorf schools often focus on storytelling, puppetry, and other imaginative play-based activities to help children develop their creativity and imagination. In the later grades, Waldorf schools often focus on more academic subjects, such as math and science, but still integrate the arts into these subjects.

Overall, Waldorf schools in North America offer a unique approach to education that is based on the development of the whole child. If you are looking for an alternative to traditional education, a Waldorf school may be worth considering.

Public Waldorf Education

If you are looking for a Waldorf education that is free and open to all students, then Public Waldorf Education might be the right choice for you. Public Waldorf Education is a rapidly growing movement in North America that provides Waldorf-inspired education in public schools.

The Alliance for Public Waldorf Education is a community of nearly 60 member schools and initiatives operating in over 14 states. Since 2018, the Alliance has been supporting schools in self-reflection through self-study and peer review processes to ensure success in Public Waldorf Education.

Public Waldorf Education is based on the same principles as Waldorf Education, but it is adapted to fit the requirements of public schools. Public Waldorf schools offer a holistic education that nurtures the whole child, emphasizing the development of creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.

One of the key features of Public Waldorf Education is the integration of the arts into all aspects of the curriculum. This approach is designed to engage students in a way that fosters their creativity and imagination, while also promoting their academic and intellectual development.

Public Waldorf schools also prioritize the development of social and emotional intelligence. They create a supportive and nurturing environment where students can learn how to work collaboratively, communicate effectively, and develop a sense of empathy and compassion for others.

In summary, Public Waldorf Education is a great option for families who want to provide their children with a Waldorf-inspired education, but cannot afford the tuition of a private Waldorf school. Public Waldorf schools offer a holistic education that nurtures the whole child, emphasizing the development of creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. They also prioritize the development of social and emotional intelligence, creating a supportive and nurturing environment where students can learn and grow.

Early Childhood Education

If you are looking for an education that focuses on developmentally appropriate practices for young children, Waldorf Early Childhood Education may be the right choice for you. Waldorf Education is based on the insights, teachings, and principles of education outlined by Rudolf Steiner, a world-renowned artist, and scientist. The Waldorf approach is designed to nurture childhood as a foundation for renewing human culture.

Waldorf preschool and kindergarten programs emphasize imaginative play and the use of natural materials. Children are encouraged to explore their environment and develop their senses through hands-on experiences. Waldorf kindergartens provide a nurturing environment where children can learn and grow at their own pace.

One of the key differences between Waldorf kindergartens and other early childhood programs is the focus on rhythm and routine. Waldorf educators believe that a predictable daily routine helps children feel secure and allows them to fully engage in their learning experiences.

Another unique aspect of Waldorf Early Childhood Education is the emphasis on the arts. Children are exposed to music, movement, and visual arts on a daily basis. Waldorf educators believe that artistic experiences help children develop their creativity, imagination, and cognitive abilities.

Waldorf Early Childhood Education programs are available throughout North America. To find a program near you, visit the Waldorf Early Childhood Association of North America (WECAN) directory.

Overall, Waldorf Early Childhood Education provides a unique and developmentally appropriate approach to early childhood education. If you are looking for an education that values creativity, imagination, and hands-on experiences, a Waldorf preschool or kindergarten program may be the perfect fit for your child.

Academic Rigor and Success

Waldorf education offers a developmentally appropriate, experiential, and academically rigorous approach to education. The Waldorf curriculum integrates the arts in all academic disciplines for children from preschool through twelfth grade to enhance and enrich learning.

Waldorf graduates have a reputation for academic success, and professors who have taught Waldorf students across many academic disciplines and across a wide range of campuses—from State Universities to Ivy League—note that Waldorf graduates have the ability to integrate thinking; to assimilate information as opposed to memorizing isolated facts; to be flexible, creative and willing to take intellectual risks. ¹

Waldorf schools do not use standardized tests as the primary measure of success. Instead, Waldorf schools use a variety of assessment tools that are designed to evaluate students’ academic progress based on the Waldorf approach. This approach emphasizes the development of the whole child, including their intellectual, emotional, and physical well-being.

Waldorf schools encourage students to develop a love of learning, and this enthusiasm for learning is reflected in their academic success. Waldorf students are not just taught to read and write; they are taught to think critically, to question, and to explore. This approach to education helps students develop a purpose for learning that goes beyond simply passing a test.

The Waldorf approach to education emphasizes the development of oral communication skills. Students are taught to express themselves clearly and eloquently, and they are given many opportunities to practice these skills in a variety of settings. This emphasis on oral communication skills helps Waldorf graduates succeed in a wide range of careers, from law to business to the arts.

In conclusion, Waldorf education offers an academically rigorous approach to education that emphasizes the development of the whole child. Waldorf graduates are known for their intellectual flexibility, enthusiasm for learning, and success in a wide range of careers.

Physical and Outdoor Education

Physical and outdoor education are essential components of the Waldorf approach to education. The Waldorf philosophy believes in educating the whole child, which includes nurturing their physical health and well-being. Physical education is not just about exercise and sports, but also about developing coordination, balance, and spatial awareness. Outdoor education, on the other hand, provides children with the opportunity to explore and learn from nature.

In Waldorf schools, physical education is integrated into the curriculum and is not treated as a separate subject. Children engage in activities such as dance, gymnastics, and eurythmy, which is a form of movement that combines dance and music. These activities not only promote physical fitness but also help develop creativity and self-expression.

Outdoor education is an integral part of the Waldorf approach. Children spend time outdoors in all seasons, engaging in activities such as gardening, nature walks, and outdoor play. The Waldorf philosophy believes that being in nature is essential for a child’s healthy development. It provides children with the opportunity to learn about the natural world and develop a sense of wonder and awe.

Waldorf schools also incorporate gardening into their curriculum. Gardening is a hands-on activity that teaches children about the life cycle of plants, the importance of healthy soil, and the benefits of growing their food. It also provides children with a sense of responsibility and helps develop their fine motor skills.

In Waldorf schools, physical and outdoor education are not just about developing physical skills but also about nurturing the whole child. These activities promote creativity, self-expression, and a sense of wonder and awe for the natural world.

Community and Support

One of the key pillars of the Waldorf Education approach is building a strong sense of community and support. This is achieved through a variety of means, including parent involvement, teacher collaboration, and student engagement.

In Waldorf schools, parents are seen as active participants in their child’s education. They are encouraged to attend parent-teacher conferences, volunteer in the classroom, and participate in school events. This level of involvement helps to create a strong sense of community, where everyone is working together to support the growth and development of each child.

In addition to parent involvement, Waldorf schools also place a strong emphasis on teacher collaboration. Teachers work together to plan curriculum, share resources, and support each other in their teaching practices. This collaborative approach helps to ensure that each child receives a well-rounded education that is tailored to their individual needs.

At the heart of the Waldorf Education approach is a deep appreciation for the arts. Dance, in particular, plays an important role in Waldorf schools. Through dance, students are able to express themselves creatively, develop physical coordination, and build strong relationships with their peers.

Waldorf schools also place a strong emphasis on celebration. Throughout the year, students and teachers come together to celebrate seasonal festivals, birthdays, and other special occasions. These celebrations help to build a strong sense of community and support, while also providing students with a deeper understanding of the world around them.

Overall, the Waldorf Education approach is built on a foundation of community, support, and relationships. By working together, parents, teachers, and students are able to create a learning environment that is nurturing, engaging, and inspiring.

The Role of Technology

In Waldorf Education, the role of technology is approached in a unique way. While technology is recognized as an essential part of modern life, Waldorf teachers believe that it should be introduced at the appropriate developmental stage. This is typically around the age of 14, when a young person has reached the intellectual maturity to reason abstractly and process concretely on their own.

Waldorf schools believe that technology should not replace the human experience or interfere with the development of critical thinking skills. Instead, technology should be used as a tool to enhance learning and provide additional resources for students.

One popular table used in Waldorf schools is the Waldorf Alphabet. This is a unique alphabet that is designed to help children learn to read and write in a more holistic way. The letters are taught using stories, pictures, and gestures, which helps to engage the child’s imagination and make learning more enjoyable.

While some schools may use technology to teach the alphabet, Waldorf schools believe that this would not be as effective as the traditional approach. By using stories and pictures, children are able to connect with the letters on a deeper level, which helps them to retain the information better.

Another example of the Waldorf approach to technology is the use of art and music in the classroom. Waldorf schools believe that art and music are essential parts of the learning process, and that they help to develop creativity and imagination.

While some schools may use technology to teach art and music, Waldorf schools believe that this would not be as effective as using traditional methods. By using art supplies and musical instruments, children are able to develop their own unique style and express themselves in a way that is not possible with technology.

In summary, the role of technology in Waldorf Education is to enhance learning and provide additional resources for students. While technology is recognized as an essential part of modern life, it is not used as a replacement for the human experience or critical thinking skills. Instead, Waldorf schools believe that technology should be introduced at the appropriate developmental stage and used as a tool to support learning.

Financial Aspects

When it comes to financing a Waldorf Education in North America, there are several options available to families. Tuition fees vary depending on the school, location, and grade level, but generally, they are comparable to other private schools in the area. However, many Waldorf schools offer financial assistance to families who need it, making the education accessible to a wider range of students.

One of the most common forms of financial assistance is tuition assistance. Many schools offer need-based financial aid to families who cannot afford the full tuition fees. The Association of Waldorf Schools of North America (AWSNA) also provides financial assistance to people training to be Waldorf teachers in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This includes loans and grants to help cover the costs of tuition and living expenses while studying.

In addition to tuition assistance, many Waldorf schools also have fundraising programs to help cover the costs of operating the school. These programs may include annual giving campaigns, auctions, and other events designed to raise money for the school’s general fund. Some schools also have endowment funds, which are invested to generate income that can be used to support the school’s operations in perpetuity.

It’s important to note that while the financial aspects of a Waldorf Education may seem daunting at first, the benefits of this approach to education are significant. Waldorf Education emphasizes a holistic approach to learning, with a focus on developing the whole child – intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually. The Waldorf Approach also emphasizes creativity, imagination, and hands-on learning, which can help students develop critical thinking skills and a lifelong love of learning.

Overall, while the financial aspects of a Waldorf Education may require some planning and budgeting, the benefits of this approach to education are well worth the investment. With tuition assistance and fundraising programs available at many schools, families can access this unique and valuable educational experience regardless of their financial situation.

Impact and Influence

Waldorf Education has had a significant impact and influence on education in North America. The Waldorf approach emphasizes the importance of a holistic education that nurtures the body, mind, and spirit of each student. This approach has been shown to have a positive impact on student achievement, as well as their social and emotional development.

One of the key strengths of the Waldorf approach is its emphasis on independent thinking. Waldorf schools encourage students to think creatively and critically, and to develop their own unique perspectives on the world. This focus on independent thinking helps students to become more confident and self-assured, and prepares them for success in a rapidly changing world.

Another important aspect of the Waldorf approach is its focus on community. Waldorf schools are often seen as centers of their local communities, and are known for their strong connections to parents, teachers, and students. This sense of community helps to create a supportive learning environment that fosters student growth and development.

The Waldorf approach also emphasizes the importance of leadership and initiative. Waldorf schools encourage students to take an active role in their own learning, and to develop their own leadership skills. This focus on leadership helps to prepare students for success in a variety of fields, and helps them to become effective members of their communities.

Overall, the Waldorf approach has been shown to be a foundation for success in a wide range of fields. Waldorf graduates have gone on to become successful entrepreneurs, professors, and leaders in a variety of fields. The Waldorf approach continues to be a leading force in education, and is shaping the leaders of tomorrow.

Waldorf Education is different from traditional education in many ways. For example, Waldorf schools often do not use textbooks, and instead rely on storytelling, music, and art to teach students. This approach helps to engage students and make learning more enjoyable, and has been shown to be effective in improving student achievement.

In addition, Waldorf schools often do not use technology in the classroom. Instead, they emphasize the importance of hands-on learning and physical activity. This approach helps to promote healthy development in students, and has been shown to be effective in improving student health and well-being.

Overall, the Waldorf approach is a unique and effective way of educating students. Its emphasis on holistic education, independent thinking, community, leadership, and initiative helps to prepare students for success in a rapidly changing world.

Limitations and Criticisms

While the Waldorf approach to education has many benefits, there are also some limitations and criticisms that should be considered.

One of the main criticisms of Waldorf education is that it does not place an early focus on academics. Instead, the Waldorf approach attempts to protect children from the pressures of the outside world, including curriculum outcomes, school tests, and adult news and information. While this approach can be beneficial for some children, it may not be the best fit for those who thrive in a more structured academic environment.

Another limitation of Waldorf education is that it requires a significant amount of space. The Waldorf approach emphasizes the importance of hands-on learning experiences, which often require large classrooms and outdoor spaces. This can be challenging for schools located in urban areas or those with limited resources.

Additionally, some critics have raised concerns about the limited diversity within Waldorf schools. While the Waldorf approach does not discriminate based on race or ethnicity, some argue that the emphasis on European culture and traditions may make it less welcoming for students from different backgrounds.

Despite these limitations, many parents and educators continue to embrace the Waldorf approach to education. By taking a slower approach to learning, Waldorf schools allow children to develop a deep understanding of the world around them. And by emphasizing the importance of creativity and imagination, Waldorf education can help foster a lifelong love of learning.

Overall, while there are limitations and criticisms of the Waldorf approach, it remains a popular choice for many families seeking a holistic, child-centered approach to education. If you are considering a Waldorf school for your child, it is important to do your research and visit multiple schools to get a sense of the differences between them and the Waldorf approach.

Conclusion

Waldorf Education has experienced significant growth in North America in recent years. According to a report by the Association of Waldorf Schools of North America (AWSNA), the number of Waldorf schools affiliated with the organization has grown from fewer than ten in 1970 to more than one hundred and sixty as of December 2004. This growth is a testament to the success of the Waldorf approach in providing a holistic education that nurtures the intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development of students.

One of the key features of Waldorf Education is the emphasis on individuality and freedom. The Waldorf approach recognizes that each child is unique and seeks to provide an education that is tailored to the needs of the individual student. This approach is in stark contrast to the one-size-fits-all approach that is common in many traditional education systems. By focusing on the individual needs of students, Waldorf Education is able to provide a more personalized and effective education.

Spring Valley is one of the most well-known Waldorf schools in North America. Founded in 1962, Spring Valley has been a pioneer in the Waldorf movement in the United States. The school has a reputation for excellence and has produced many successful graduates who have gone on to achieve great things in a variety of fields. Spring Valley is a shining example of the success of Waldorf Education in North America.

In conclusion, Waldorf Education has been a tremendous success in North America. The growth of Waldorf schools in the region is a testament to the effectiveness of the Waldorf approach in providing a holistic education that nurtures the intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development of students. With schools like Spring Valley leading the way, the future of Waldorf Education in North America looks bright.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Waldorf teaching method and how is it different from traditional methods?

The Waldorf teaching method is an alternative educational approach that emphasizes the development of the whole child – intellectually, emotionally, and physically. The approach is different from traditional methods in that it focuses on nurturing students’ creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills through a curriculum that integrates the arts, movement, and practical skills with academic subjects. Waldorf teachers aim to create a learning environment that is experiential, hands-on, and engaging, rather than relying solely on textbooks and lectures.

What are the benefits of a Waldorf education for students?

Waldorf education has been shown to have many benefits for students, including improved academic performance, creativity, social skills, and emotional well-being. According to the Association of Waldorf Schools of North America, Waldorf graduates have the ability to integrate thinking, assimilate information, and be flexible and creative. Waldorf education also fosters a love of learning and a sense of social responsibility in students.

What is the Waldorf curriculum and how does it differ from other educational curriculums?

The Waldorf curriculum is designed to meet the developmental needs of children and adolescents at each stage of their growth. It is a comprehensive curriculum that includes academic subjects, the arts, movement, and practical skills. The curriculum is designed to be interdisciplinary, with subjects integrated in a way that helps students see the connections between them. Unlike other educational curriculums, the Waldorf curriculum emphasizes the development of the whole child, rather than just academic achievement.

How many Waldorf schools are there in North America and where are they located?

There are over 160 Waldorf schools in North America, located in the United States and Canada. The schools are located in urban, suburban, and rural areas, and serve students from diverse backgrounds.

What is the philosophy behind Waldorf education and how does it inform the teaching approach?

The philosophy behind Waldorf education is based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner, an Austrian philosopher and educator. Steiner believed that education should be holistic, nurturing the intellectual, emotional, and physical development of children. Waldorf education is informed by Steiner’s philosophy, which emphasizes the importance of creativity, imagination, and experiential learning.

What is the process for Waldorf teacher training and certification in North America?

Waldorf teacher training and certification in North America is provided by the Association of Waldorf Schools of North America (AWSNA). AWSNA offers a variety of programs, including full-time, part-time, and distance learning options. The programs are designed to provide teachers with the knowledge and skills needed to teach in a Waldorf school. Certification is granted by AWSNA after completion of the necessary coursework and practical experience.